Al-Rifa'i Mosque is located in Cairo, Egypt, in Midan al-Qal'a adjacent to the Cairo Citadel The building is located opposite the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan which dates from around 1361 and was architecturally conceived as a complement to the older structure This was part of a vast campaign by the 19th century rulers of Egypt to both associate themselves with the perceived glory of earlier periods in Egypt's Islamic history and modernize the city The mosque was constructed next to two large public squares and off of several European style boulevards constructed around the same time The mosque is the resting place of Khushyar Hanim and her son Isma'il Pasha as well as numerous other members of Egypt's royal family including King Farouk Egypt's last reigning king whose body was interred here after his death in Rome in 1965 The mosque served briefly as the resting place of Reza Shah of Iran who died in exile in the Union of South Africa in 1944 and was returned to Iran after World War II He was buried in Cairo following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 Part of the burial chamber is currently occupied by Reza Shah's son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who died in Cairo in July 1980